The JEE Main Paper 1 syllabus 2025 comprises topics from class 12th Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics textbooks. Aspirants can find the JEE Main syllabus for paper 1 from the notification released by the NTA (National Testing Agency) on its official website.

The JEE Main 2025 exam for session 1 is going to be conducted on Jan 22, 23, 24, 28, 29 & 30, 2025. The syllabus plays an important role in helping students gain maximum information and understand the paper's difficult parts.

Therefore, one of the best ways for students to build confidence and focus to write the JEE Main exam is to prepare according to the JEE Main 2025 syllabus. This article offers insight into the subject-wise topics that will appear in the JEE Main Paper 1.

Download PDF for JEE Main 2025 Paper 1 Syllabus

Learning about the JEE Main 2025 syllabus is crucial to cover all the topics and ensure that they are being paid equal attention to. It provides an idea of how to prepare the JEE Main 2025 study schedule.

It is crucial to focus on time management while completing the syllabus so that students give importance to topics they find difficult. The table below provides students with the detailed section-wise JEE Main Paper 1 syllabus:

JEE Main 2025 Subject-wise Syllabus

It is advised to check the JEE Main 2025 subject-wise syllabus to ensure that high-weightage topics are given extra importance, while also covering the smaller topics. Here's a quick overview of all the subjects' syllabi for JEE Main 2025:

JEE Main Paper 1 Mathematics Syllabus

The JEE Main Paper 1 Mathematics syllabus comprises various topics. Each of the topics and the sub-division of the topics are mentioned below. Candidates are advised to check the syllabus entirely and start the JEE Main preparation:

Sets/ Relations/ Functions

• Sets and their representation
• Union, intersection, and complement of sets and their algebraic properties
• Power set; Relation, Types of relations, equivalence relations, functions; One-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions.

Complex numbers and quadratic equations

• Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals,
• Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and their representation in a plane,
• Argand diagram,
• Algebra of complex numbers,
• Modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number,
• The square root of a complex number,
• Triangle inequality,
• Quadratic equations in real and complex number systems and their solutions.
• The relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, the formation of quadratic equations with given roots.

Matrices and determinants

• Matrices
• Algebra of matrices
• Types of matrices
• Prices of orders two and three
• Properties of determinants
• Evaluation of determinants
• Area of triangles using determinants
• Adjoint and evaluation of the inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations.
• Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices.

Also Read: How to Stay Motivated During JEE Main 2025 Preparation?

Permutations and combinations

• The fundamental principle of counting,
• Permutation as an arrangement and
• The combination of selection,
• Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r),
• Simple applications.

Mathematical induction

• Principle of Mathematical Induction and its simple applications

Binomial theorem and its simple applications

• Binomial theorem for a positive integral index,
• General term and middle term,
• Properties of Binomial coefficients
• Simple applications

Sequences and series

• Arithmetic and Geometric progressions,
• Insertion of arithmetic,
• Geometric means between two given numbers
• The relation between A.M. and G.M. sum up to n terms of special series: S n, S n2, Sn3
• Arithmetic - Geometric progression

Limit, continuity, and differentiability

• Real valued functions
• Algebra of functions
• Polynomials
• Rational
• Trigonometric
• Logarithmic and exponential functions
• Inverse functions
• Graphs of simple functions
• Limits, continuity, and differentiability
• Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions
• Differentiation of trigonometric
• Inverse trigonometric
• Composite and implicit functions
• Derivatives of order up to two
• Rolle's and Lagrange's Mean Value Theorems
• Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic - increasing and decreasing functions
• Maxima and minima of functions of one variable
• Tangents and normals

Integral calculus

• Integral as an antiderivative.
• Fundamental integrals involve algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions.
• Integration by substitution, by parts, and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities.
• Evaluation of simple integrals of the type Integral as limit of a sum
• Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
• Properties of definite integrals
• Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form

Differential equations

• Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree.
• Formation of differential equations.
• The solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations of the type: dy/dx+p(x)y=q(x)

Coordinate geometry

• Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates 10 in a plane
• Distance formula
• Section formula
• Locus and its equation
• Translation of axes
• The slope of a line
• Parallel and perpendicular lines
• Intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes

Straight lines

• Various forms of equations of a line
• Intersection of lines
• Angles between two lines
• Conditions for the concurrence of three lines
• Distance of a point from a line
• Equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines
• Coordinates of centroid
• Orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle

Three-dimensional geometry

• Coordinates of a point in space
• Distance between two points
• Section formula
• Direction ratios and direction cosines
• The angle between two intersecting lines.
• Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation.
• Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, the intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines.

Circles, conic sections

• The standard form of the equation of a circle
• The general form of the equation of a circle, its radius, and centre
• Equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle
• Equation of the tangent. Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for y = mx + c to be a tangent and point (s) of tangency.

Vector algebra

• Vectors and scalars,
• Addition of vectors,
• Components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional space,
• Scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product.

Measures of Dispersion

• Calculation of mean, median,
• Mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of the standard deviation
• Variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data.

Statistics and probability

• Probability of an event
• Addition and multiplication theorems of probability
• Bayes theorem,
• Probability distribution of a random variate
• Bernoulli trials and Binomial distribution.

Trigonometry

• Trigonometric identities and equations
• Trigonometric functions
• Inverse trigonometric functions and their properties
• Heights and Distances

Mathematical reasoning

• Statements, logical operations and, or, implies,
• Understanding of tautology, contradiction, converse and contrapositive

Also Read: Tips to Prepare Mathematics for JEE Main

JEE Main Paper 1 Physics Syllabus

Physics is the next subject in paper 1 JEE Main Paper 1 syllabus for Physics includes measurement, kinematics, Laws of motion and more. The JEE Main 2025 Paper 1 syllabus for Physics has been listed below and will help students prepare for the examination accurately.

Physics and Measurement

• Physics, technology and society, S I units, Fundamental and derived units
• Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments,
• Errors in measurement,
• Dimensions of Physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications

Kinematics

• Frame of reference
• Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity
• Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity
• Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion.
• Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and Subtraction, Zero Vector, Scalar and Vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector
• Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion

Laws Of Motion

• Force and Inertia,
• Newton's First Law of motion; Momentum, Newton's Second Law of motion; Impulse;
• Newton's Third Law of motion.
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
• Static and Kinetic friction,
• Laws of friction
• Rolling friction

Dynamics of uniform circular motion

• Centripetal force and its applications

Work, Energy and Power

• Work done by a constant force and a variable force
• Kinetic and potential energies,
• Work-energy theorem
• Power
• The potential energy of a spring
• Conservation of mechanical energy
• Conservative and non-conservative forces
• Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions

Rotational Motion

• Centre of mass of a two-particle system
• Centre of the mass of a rigid body
• Basic concepts of rotational motion
• Moment of a force
• Torque
• Angular momentum
• Conservation of angular momentum and its applications
• Moment of inertia, the radius of gyration
• Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.
• Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion.

Gravitation

• The universal law of gravitation.
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.
• Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
• Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential.
• Escape velocity.
• Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.

Properties Of Solids and Liquids

• Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity.
• Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications.
• Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number. Bernoulli's principle and its applications.
• Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
• Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat.
• Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, Newton's law of cooling.

Thermodynamics

• Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature.
• Heat, work and internal energy.
• The first law of thermodynamics.
• The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.
• Carnot engine and its efficiency.

Kinetic Theory Of Gases

• Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas.
• Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure.
• Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules; Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path, Avogadro's number.

Electric field

• Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
• Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find fields due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field.
• Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, the combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.

Current Electricity

• Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm's law, Electrical resistance, Resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity, Colour code for resistors; Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance.
• Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, the combination of cells in series and in parallel.
• Kirchhoff's laws and their applications.
• Wheatstone bridge, Metre bridge.
• Potentiometer - principle and its applications.

Magnetic Effects Of Current and Magnetism

• Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loops. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances.
• Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent magnets.

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

• Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents.
• Self and mutual inductance.
• Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; Quality factor, power in AC circuits, watt-less current.
• AC generator and transformer.

Electromagnetic Waves

• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X Rays, gamma rays).
• Applications of e.m. waves.

Optics

• Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total internal reflection, and its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
• Wave optics
• wavefront and Huygens' principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment, and expression for fringe width.
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law uses plane-polarized light and Polaroids.

Dual Nature Of Matter and Radiation

• Dual nature of radiation.
• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation; particle nature of light.
• Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation.
• Davisson-Germer experiment.

Also Read: How to Study Physics for JEE Main?

Atoms and Nuclei

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
• Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.

Electronic Devices

• Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator.
• Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, and, NOT, Nand and NOR).
• Transistor as a switch.

Communication Systems

• Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation,
• Need for modulation,
• Amplitude and Frequency Modulation,
• Bandwidth of signals,
• The bandwidth of Transmission medium,
• Basic Elements of a Communication System (Block Diagram only).

Oscillations and Waves

• Periodic motion period
• Frequency, displacement as a function of time Periodic functions.
• Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring
• Restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.
• Kinetic and potential energies;
• Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period;
• Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance

Wave motion

• Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave.
• Displacement relation for a progressive wave.
• Principle of superposition of waves, the reflection of waves,
• Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics
• Beats, Doppler effect in sound

Electrostatics

• Conservation of charge,
• Coulomb's law forces between two point charges,
• Forces between multiple charges;
• Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

JEE Main Paper 1 Chemistry Syllabus

The JEE Main Paper 1 Syllabus for Chemistry is divided into Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry. The link to the previous questions papers is listed below. The solution link is also provided and will help students answer the questions faster and improve their performance.

Physical Chemistry

Basic Concepts In Chemistry

• Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory
• Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound
• Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. Units, dimensional analysis
• Laws of Chemical Combination
• Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae
• Chemical equations and stoichiometry

States Of Matter

• Classification of matter into solid, liquid and gaseous states.
• Gaseous State: Measurable properties of gases
• Gas laws - Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure
• Concept of Absolute scale of temperature; Ideal gas equation
• Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates)
• Concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities
• Real gases, deviation from Ideal behaviour, compressibility factor and van der Waals equation
• Liquid State: Properties of liquids - vapour pressure, viscosity, and surface tension and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only).
• Solid State: Classification of solids: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)
• Bragg's Law and its Applications
• Unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc and hcp lattices), voids, calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids
• Electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties

Atomic Structure

• Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations
• Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect
• Spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model
• Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
• Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features, the concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions
• Various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance
• Shapes of s, p and d-orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number
• Rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled, and completely filled orbitals.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

• Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds.
• Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy.
• Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fagan's rule, dipole moment
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules
• Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - Its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals
• Resonance
• Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length and bond energy.

Chemical Thermodynamics

• Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes.
• The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity
• Hess's law of constant heat summation
• Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution
• The second law of thermodynamics
• Spontaneity of processes
• DS of the universe and DG of the system as criteria for spontaneity, Dgo (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant

Solutions

• Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions
• Colligative properties of dilute solutions - the relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure
• Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, Van Hoff factor, and its significance

Equilibrium

• Meaning of equilibrium, is the concept of dynamic equilibrium.
• Equilibria involve physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law, a general characteristic of equilibrium involving physical processes.
• Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, the significance of DG and DGo in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle.
• Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multi-stage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.

Also Read: Subject-Wise Study Plan for JEE Main 2025

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

• Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions.
• Electrolytic and metallic conduction,
• conductance in electrolytic solutions,
• specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration
• Kohlrausch's law and its applications.
• Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement
• Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change
• Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a chemical reaction,
• factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst
• elementary and complex reactions,
• order and molecularity of reactions, rate law,
• rate constant and its units,
• differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives,
• effect of temperature on the rate of reactions - Arrhenius's theory, activation energy, and its calculation,
• collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

Surface Chemistry

• Adsorption- Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics,
• Factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids - Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms,
• Adsorption from solutions.
• Colloidal state- distinction among true solutions, colloids, and suspensions, classification of colloids - lyophilic, lyophobic
• Multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids - Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation, and flocculation
• Emulsions and their characteristics

Inorganic Chemistry

The students can check the JEE Main paper 1 syllabus of Inorganic chemistry from below.

Classification Of Elements And Periodicity In Properties

• Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table,
• s, p, d and f block elements,
• periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals

• Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores;
• Steps involved in the extraction of metals - concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe;
• Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals.

Hydrogen

• Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen
• Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water
• Structure, preparation, reactions and uses of hydrogen peroxide
• Hydrogen as a fuel

S- Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)

• Group - 1 and 2 Elements: General introduction,
• electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements,
• anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships.
• Preparation and properties of some important compounds - sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide;
• Industrial uses of lime, limestone, Plaster of Paris and cement;
• The biological significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca.

P-Block Elements

• Group - 13 to Group 18 Elements
• General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups;
• The unique behaviour of the first element in each group.
• Groupwise study of the p-block elements
• Group - 13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride, and alums.
• Group - 14: Allotropes of carbon, the tendency for catenation; Structure & properties of silicates, and zeolites.
• Group - 15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotropic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of phosphorus.
• Group - 16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; Allotropic forms of sulfur; Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulfur.
• Group - 17: Preparation, properties and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens.
• Group -18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon.

D and F- Block Elements

• Transition Elements:
• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, and characteristics,
• general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy,
• oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties,
• complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties, and uses of K2 Cr2 O7 and KMnO4.
• Inner Transition Elements:
• Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration,
• oxidation states and lanthanide contraction.

Coordination Compounds

• Introduction to coordination compounds,
• Werner's theory
• ligands, coordination number,
• denticity, chelation;
• IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism
• Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties;
• Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and in biological systems).

Environmental Chemistry

• Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water, and soil.
• Atmospheric pollution - Tropospheric and Stratospheric
• Tropospheric pollution - Gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention; Greenhouse effect and Global warming; Acid rain;
• Particulate pollutants - Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects and prevention.
• Stratospheric pollution- Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of the ozone layer - its mechanism and effects.
• Water Pollution - Major pollutants such as pathogens, organic wastes, and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention.
• Soil pollution - Major pollutants such as Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects, and prevention. Strategies to control environmental pollution.

Also Read: Most Easy and Scoring Chapters for JEE Main

Organic Chemistry

The students can check the JEE Main Paper 1 syllabus of Organic Chemistry from below:

Purification and Characterisation Of Organic Compounds

• Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction
• chromatography - principles and their applications

Qualitative analysis

• Detection of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens.

Quantitative analysis (basic principles only)

• Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulfur, phosphorus.
• Calculations of empirical formula and molecular formulae; Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.

Some Basic Principles Of Organic Chemistry

• Tetravalency of carbon
• Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p); Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: - C = C -, - C h C - and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur;
• Homologous series; Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.
• Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
• Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles.
• Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.

Hydrocarbons

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions.
• Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.
• Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect);
• Ozonolysis and polymerization.
• Alkynes - Acidic character;
• Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; Polymerization.
• Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity;
• Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration, Friedel - Crafts alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in mono-substituted benzene.

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

• General methods of preparation, properties and reactions; Nature of C-X bond;
• Mechanisms of substitution reactions.
• Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform & iodoform.

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

• Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration.
• Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer - Tiemann reaction.
• Ethers: Structure.
• Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group
• Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones
• Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives)
• Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of r - hydrogen, aldol condensation,
• Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.

Carboxylic Acids

• Acidic strength and factors affecting it.

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character.
• Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Polymers

• General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization
• Natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization
• some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses - polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite.

Biomolecules

• General introduction and importance of biomolecules.
• Carbohydrates - Classification: aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose).
• Proteins - Elementary Idea of r - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
• Vitamins - Classification and functions.
• Nucleic Acids - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids.

Chemistry in Everyday Life

• Chemicals in medicines - Analgesics, tranquillizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamine - their meaning and common examples.
• Chemicals in food - Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents - common examples.
• Cleansing agents - Soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

Principal Related to Practical Chemistry

• Detection of extra elements (NS, halogens) in organic compounds;
• Detection of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds.
• The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds: Mohr's salt, potash alum.
• Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.

Additional Topics in Chemistry:

1. The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises - Acids bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr's salt vs KMnO4.
2. Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations - Pb2+, Cu2+, AI3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+. Anions- CO3 2-, S2-, SO4 2-, NO2-, NO3-, CI -, Br, I. (Insoluble salts excluded).
3. Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:
   • Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
   • Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.
   • Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
   • Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.

Exam Pattern for JEE Main 2025 Paper 1

JEE Main 2025 preparation also requires a detailed understanding of the JEE Main 2025 exam pattern. It helps manage time during the exam and learn about the question paper structure.

Since NTA has discontinued the optional questions in Section B for the JEE Main 2025 exam, candidates must prepare themselves accordingly. Here's a quick overview of the JEE Main 2025 exam pattern:

Also Read: Preparing for JEE Main 2025 Without the Option to Choose Questions in Section B